In the last decade, Calcium Titanate has been introduced as a bioceramic with acceptable mechanical and biological properties for orthopaedic implant applications. In this study, CaTiO3 NANO-structure COATING was produced by sol-gel dip-COATING route for biomedical applications. Calcium nitrate and titanium isopropoxide were used as a precursor. After COATING process, the specimen was subjected to rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at 800oC. The phase structure, functional groups and surface morphology of COATING were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Uniform crack-free NANO-structured COATINGs were obtained with perovskite crystal structure.

In this research, hydroxyapatite composite with two reinforcements alumina and zirconia has been used as a COATING on titanium dental implants for the first time. Two kinds of titanium implants with different percentages of impurities were chosen and after cleaning, they were coated with hydroxyapatite alumina-zirconia sol. The method of COATING was sol-gel that coated implants by dip-COATING and spin-COATING. The use of sol-gel method was for the reason that it is a cheap COATING method and it can coat all samples. By comparing the samples, it was found that in dip-COATING method, cracks are less and the morphology is more homogeneous. Although spin-coated samples were homogeneous too, but they had more cracks. COATING processes were done in three stages and between these stages, in second stage, COATINGs were the best in having less cracks and the best homogeneity. It was found that implants with less impurity had more homogeneous COATINGs. Increasing aging and calcination temperature of COATINGs had a great effect on the quality of COATINGs. The aim of this research was to investigate these COATINGs for COATING titanium dental implants. Because implantation is an expensive operation, we used cheap raw materials for the COATING of implants.

A film of osteoconductive and biocompatible material on biomedical metallic implants can create bioactivity of the implant and shorten healing time. Hydroxyapatite, that is the most important mineral part of human bone, was coated on Ti6Al4V using cathodic electrode position process. Pulse electrode position technique was used and the effects of different parameters such as potential, duty cycle (on time/ (on time+ off time)), temperature and current density on the morphology of the deposits were examined. NANO size deposits were formed under controlled temperature and optimization of voltage and current density.

In the present study, the antioxidant and antibacterial properties composite COATING and NANO COATING of chitosan-cress seed gum (CH-CSG) was investigated. For this purpose, 3 COATINGs including 33% CH-66% CSG, 50% CH-50% CSG, 66% CH-33% CSG by Ultrathorax homogenizer were produced. Then, 3 NANO COATINGs including 33% CH-66% CSG, 50% CH-50% CSG, 66% CH-33% CSG were also produced using the Ultrasound apparatus and the antioxidant properties of the COATINGs were obtained by free radical scavenging of DPPH and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), as well as the antibacterial activity of the COATING were determined by the diameter of the growth zone against pathogenic bacteria and the spoilage of foods such as Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative such as Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. The results showed that the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the COATINGs increased as the amount of chitosan (66% CH-33% CSG) increased and the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of NANOCOATING was significantly higher than the COATING (P<0. 05). NANOparticle properties including NANOparticle size and zeta potential were also determined. According to the results, the smallest particle size and highest zeta potential were observed in the NANO 66% CH-33% CSG. The results of electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the structure of the NANO COATING had a structure without the presence of pores and cracks, imperfections and defects but with increasing gum concentration (decrease in chitosan concentration) the appearance of the films became more rough. Based on the results of this study, NANO 66% CH-33% CSG composite COATING with favorable properties have acceptable antimicrobial and antioxidant properties and can be a suitable alternative to common antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds.

In this research, the densification of magnesia NANOpowder with a mean particle size of about 100 nm was investigated by spark plasma sintering undera pressures of 80 MPa and at temperature range from 1000 ° C to 1400 ° C and a heating rate of 50 ° C/min for 20 minutes. The density of the samples slowly increased with increasing sintering temperatures to 1200 ° C. Afterwards, with more increasing of temperature, decreasing density and increasing of grain growth were observed. Grain growth was analyzed during the sintering process with the classic grain growth theory. The results of the survey on the density showed that the highest densification rate occurred at 1100 ℃ . The activation energy of grain growth was Obtained 452. 24 kJ / mol. The MgO ceramic spark plasma sintered at 1200 ° C for 20 min demonstrated the highest infrared transmittance of 67 % at the 5. 6 μ m wavelength.